Degree-level qualifications As a minimum, applicants should hold or be predicted to achieve the equivalent of the following UK qualifications: a first-class or strong upper second-class undergraduate degree with honours in any subject relevant to the proposed research project. However, entrance is very competitive and most successful applicants have a first-class degree or the equivalent. A previous master's qualification is not required. For applicants with a degree from the USA, the minimum GPA sought is 3.5 out of 4.0. If your degree is not from the UK or another country specified above, visit our International Qualifications page for guidance on the qualifications and grades that would usually be considered to meet the University’s minimum entry requirements. GRE General Test scores No Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or GMAT scores are sought. Other qualifications, evidence of excellence and relevant experience Research experience, such as an undergraduate research project and/or industry placement is very important. Most successful applicants will have relevant research experience. It would be expected that graduate applicants would be familiar with the recent published work of their proposed supervisor(s). Publications are not required, but they do provide an advantage. Extenuating circumstances If your ability to meet the entry requirements has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (eg you were awarded an unclassified/ungraded degree) or any other exceptional personal circumstance (eg other illness or bereavement), please refer to the guidance on extenuating circumstances in the Application Guide for information about how to declare this so that your application can be considered appropriately.